Symphytum V1 0 Build 2

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Peduncles copiously bracteate, especially when the peduncles approach or exceed 1 cm in length; rays 4–8 mm long; involucral bracts often with the chlorophyllous tip partly or wholly obscured by anthocyanin, the outer mostly 0.2–0.7 mm wide. Total War Warhammer 2 V1.2.0 Build 5568 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer 2 V1.3.0 Build 6014 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer 2 V1.4.1 Build 7450 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer 2 V1.5.0 Build 8774 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer V1.1.0 Build 10732 trainer +17 Total War Warhammer V1.3.0 Build 11349 trainer +17.

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Symphytum is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. There are up to 35 species,^[1] known by the common namecomfrey (pronounced /ˈkʌmfri/). Some species and hybrids, particularly S. officinale and S. × uplandicum, are used in gardening and herbal medicine. They are not to be confused with Cynoglossum virginianum, known as wild comfrey, another member of the borage family.^[2]

Species[edit]

Species include:

• Symphytum asperum – prickly comfrey, rough comfrey
• Symphytum bulbosum – bulbous comfrey
• Symphytum caucasicum – Caucasian comfrey
• Symphytum ibericum – creeping comfrey, Iberian comfrey^[3]
• Symphytum officinale – comfrey
• Symphytum orientale – white comfrey
• Symphytum tauricum – Crimean comfrey
• Symphytum tuberosum – tuberous comfrey
• Symphytum × uplandicum (S. asperum × S. officinale, synonym: S. peregrinum) – Russian comfrey, healing herb, blackwort, bruisewort, wallwort, gum plant

Cultivation[edit]

The Russian comfrey 'Bocking 14' cultivar was developed during the 1950s by Lawrence D Hills, the founder of the Henry Doubleday Research Association (the organic gardening organisation itself named after the Quaker pioneer who first introduced Russian comfrey into Britain in the nineteenth century) following trials at Bocking, near Braintree.

Propagation[edit]

Bocking 14 is sterile, and therefore will not set seed (one of its advantages over other cultivars as it will not spread out of control), thus is propagated from root cuttings. The gardener can produce 'offsets' from mature, strongly growing plants by driving a spade horizontally through the leaf clumps about 7 cm (2.8 in) below the soil surface. This removes the crown, which can then be split into pieces. Cleanmydrive 2 v2 1 8. The original plant will quickly recover, and each piece can be replanted with the growing points just below the soil surface, and will quickly grow into new plants. Offsets can also be purchased by mail order from specialist nurseries in order to initially build up a stock of plants.^[4]

Phytochemistry, folk medicine, and toxicity[edit]

Peduncles copiously bracteate, especially when the peduncles approach or exceed 1 cm in length; rays 4–8 mm long; involucral bracts often with the chlorophyllous tip partly or wholly obscured by anthocyanin, the outer mostly 0.2–0.7 mm wide. Total War Warhammer 2 V1.2.0 Build 5568 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer 2 V1.3.0 Build 6014 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer 2 V1.4.1 Build 7450 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer 2 V1.5.0 Build 8774 trainer +16 Total War Warhammer V1.1.0 Build 10732 trainer +17 Total War Warhammer V1.3.0 Build 11349 trainer +17.

1. OldVersion.com provides free. software downloads for old versions of programs, drivers and games. So why not downgrade to the version you love? Because newer is not always bett.
2. Download Symphytum - Make suitable database for all your files, if you want to catalog medicinal plants, books, audio CDs or movies, this tool can help you sort them quickly and easily.
3. OldVersion.com provides free. software downloads for old versions of programs, drivers and games. So why not downgrade to the version you love? Because newer is not always bett.

Symphytum is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. There are up to 35 species,^[1] known by the common namecomfrey (pronounced /ˈkʌmfri/). Some species and hybrids, particularly S. officinale and S. × uplandicum, are used in gardening and herbal medicine. They are not to be confused with Cynoglossum virginianum, known as wild comfrey, another member of the borage family.^[2]

Species[edit]

Species include:

• Symphytum asperum – prickly comfrey, rough comfrey
• Symphytum bulbosum – bulbous comfrey
• Symphytum caucasicum – Caucasian comfrey
• Symphytum ibericum – creeping comfrey, Iberian comfrey^[3]
• Symphytum officinale – comfrey
• Symphytum orientale – white comfrey
• Symphytum tauricum – Crimean comfrey
• Symphytum tuberosum – tuberous comfrey
• Symphytum × uplandicum (S. asperum × S. officinale, synonym: S. peregrinum) – Russian comfrey, healing herb, blackwort, bruisewort, wallwort, gum plant

Cultivation[edit]

The Russian comfrey 'Bocking 14' cultivar was developed during the 1950s by Lawrence D Hills, the founder of the Henry Doubleday Research Association (the organic gardening organisation itself named after the Quaker pioneer who first introduced Russian comfrey into Britain in the nineteenth century) following trials at Bocking, near Braintree.

Propagation[edit]

Bocking 14 is sterile, and therefore will not set seed (one of its advantages over other cultivars as it will not spread out of control), thus is propagated from root cuttings. The gardener can produce 'offsets' from mature, strongly growing plants by driving a spade horizontally through the leaf clumps about 7 cm (2.8 in) below the soil surface. This removes the crown, which can then be split into pieces. Cleanmydrive 2 v2 1 8. The original plant will quickly recover, and each piece can be replanted with the growing points just below the soil surface, and will quickly grow into new plants. Offsets can also be purchased by mail order from specialist nurseries in order to initially build up a stock of plants.^[4]

Phytochemistry, folk medicine, and toxicity[edit]

Folk medicine names for comfrey include knitbone, boneset, and the derivation of its Latin name Symphytum (from the Greek symphis, meaning growing together of bones, and phyton, a plant), referring to its ancient uses. Similarly, the common French name is consoude, meaning to weld together. The tradition in different cultures and languages suggest a common belief in its usefulness for mending bones. Fasttasks 2 19 download free.

Symphytum V1 0 Build 2 X 4

Comfrey contains mixed phytochemicals in varying amounts, including allantoin, mucilage, saponins, tannins, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, inulin, and proteins, among others.^[5]Liver toxicity is associated with consuming this plant or its extracts.^[5] In modern herbalism, comfrey is most commonly used topically.^[5][6][7]

In 2001, the United StatesFood and Drug Administration issued a ban of comfrey products marketed for internal use, and a warning label for those intended for external use.^[8][9] Comfrey should not be used during pregnancy and lactation, in infants, and in people with liver, kidney, or vascular diseases.^[5][10]

References[edit]

Symphytum V1 0 Build 2 X 2

1. ^Miranda, Kimberley (9 July 2010). 'Symphytum'. hortweek.com. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
2. ^'Cynoglossum virginianum'. Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
3. ^'Symphytum ibericum'. rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
4. ^Teynor, Putnam, Doll, Kelling, Oelke, Undersander, and Oplinger. 'Comfrey'. Alternative Field Crops Manual. University of Wisconsin, Extension, Cooperative-Extension. Retrieved 25 March 2014.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ^ ^abcd'Comfrey'. Drugs.com. 17 July 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
6. ^Miskelly, FG; Goodyer, LI (1992). 'Hepatic and pulmonary complications of herbal medicines'. Postgrad Med J. 68 (805): 935–936. doi:10.1136/pgmj.68.805.935. PMC2399473. PMID1494521.
7. ^Miller, LG (1998). 'Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions'(PDF). Arch Intern Med. 158 (20): 2200–2211. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.20.2200. PMID9818800.
8. ^'FDA/CFSAN – FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market'. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
9. ^Koll, R; Klingenburg, S (2002). 'herapeutic characteristance and tolerance of topical comfrey preparations. Results of an observational study of patients'. Fortschr Med Orig. 120 (1): 1–9. PMID14518351.
10. ^Yeong M.L.; Swinburn, Boyd; Kennedy, Mark; Nicholson, Gordon; et al. (1990). 'Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with comfrey ingestion'. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 5 (2): 211–214. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1990.tb01827.x. PMID2103401.

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External links[edit]